To provide a set of matching items quickly, a search engine will typically collect information, or metadata, about the group of items under consideration beforehand. For example, a library search engine may determine the author of each book automatically and add the author name to a description of each book. Users can then search for books by the author's name. Other metadata in this example might include the book title, the number of pages in the book, the date it was published, and so forth.
The metadata collected about each item is typically stored on a computer in the form of an index. The index typically requires a smaller amount of computer storage and provides a way for the search engine to calculate the relevance, or similarity, between the query and the set of items.
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